o lume in miscare
Discussions about migration typically start from the perspective of fows from developing countries into the rich countries of Europe, North America and Australasia. Yet most movement in the world does not take place between developing and developed countries; it does not even take place between countries. Te overwhelming majority of people who move do so inside their own country. Using a conservative defnition, we estimate that approximately 740 million people are internal migrants—almost four times as many as those who have moved internationally. Among people who have moved across national borders, just over a third moved from a developing to a developed country—fewer than 70 million people. Most of the world’s 200 million international migrants moved from one developing country to another or between developed countries (map 1).
Most migrants, internal and international, reap gains in the form of higher incomes, better access to education and health, and improved prospects for their children (fgure 1). Surveys of migrants report that most are happy in their destination, despite the range of adjustments and obstacles typically involved in moving. Once established, migrants are ofen more likely than local residents to join unions or religious and other groups. Yet there are trade-ofs and the gains from mobility are unequally distributed.
In general, however, people move of their own volition, to better-of places. More than three quarters of international migrants go to a country with a higher level of human development than their country of origin (fgure 2). Yet, they are signifcantly constrained, both by policies that impose barriers to entry and by the resources they have available to enable their move. People in poor countries are the least mobile: for example, fewer than 1 percent of Africans have moved to Europe. Indeed, history and contemporary evidence suggest that development and migration go hand in hand: the median emigration rate in a country with low human development is below 4 percent, compared to more than 8 percent from countries with high levels of human development.
De aici.
